Cryptocurrency #2. Ethereum (ETH)
Coin
#2: Ethereum (ETH)
Cryptocurrencies
have taken the world by storm. Since 2013, the value of all cryptocurrencies in
circulation has soared from $1.6 billion to more than $1.6 trillion at
Wednesday's prices, and roughly $1.4 trillion of that value was added in the
past year, according to CoinMarketCap.
Bitcoin has been
the leader of the pack, thanks to its first-mover advantage as the original
cryptocurrency. However, in recent months, Ethereum has stolen Bitcoin's
thunder. In the past year, Ethereum has gained roughly 1,600%, while Bitcoin is
up 300%.
Ethereum has
caught fire for a number of reasons, but the most important aspect of the
Ethereum network is its use of smart contracts. These smart contracts built on
the Ethereum network are spurring a couple of innovations that give Ethereum
its value: decentralized finance (DeFi) and non-fungible tokens (NFTs), whose
popularity should be closely followed by investors.
The DeFi movement
can't be ignored
One of the
biggest innovations spurred by the Ethereum network is DeFi. DeFi uses smart
contracts on the Ethereum blockchain to offer traditional financial products,
like insurance or loans, without the need of intermediaries like brokerages or
banks. Two hands, made out of digital networks, form a handshake.
These smart contracts eliminate the need for a trusted third party to verify the transaction. Nick Szabo, an early pioneer of digital currencies, likened them to digital vending machines. Smart contracts are programmable contracts between two parties that self-execute when specific conditions are satisfied. The third party is eliminated because the contract is programmable and exists on the blockchain, a secure and decentralized form of digital ledger technology.
The ultimate goal
of DeFi is to eliminate third parties and make financial products such as
loans, insurance, and trading more accessible to underserved markets. According
to World Bank, 1.7 billion adults across the globe lack access to banking
services. However, two-thirds of those do have access to a mobile phone and
internet connection, and could benefit from DeFi. Given the problem it looks to
solve, DeFi is a very attractive space right now.
A real-world
example:
Munich-based
Etherisc built its first product, flight delay insurance, with smart contracts
on the Ethereum network. It works this way: When a customer purchases flight
delay insurance, it's recorded on the blockchain in smart contract form. If a
flight is delayed by 45 minutes or more, the self-executing contract pays out
customers instantly. The smart contract allows the customer to avoid making
claims with an insurance company, making insurance more efficient.
Etherisc sees insurance as one industry ripe for
disruption by utilizing smart contracts, saying they could make the purchase
and sale of insurance more efficient, lower operational costs, and provide
greater transparency into the industry.
Ethereum leads
the pack when it comes to decentralized contracts, whose popularity has taken
off this year. According to DeFi Pulse, over $63 billion was locked up in smart
contracts as of Wednesday, a 65-fold increase from the $953 million locked up
in smart contracts just one year ago.
Leading the NFT
trend, too
The Ethereum
ecosystem is perfect for another purpose as well: non-fungible tokens.
One of the
problems in the digital age is the ease with which we can duplicate digital
assets like images, videos, and songs. NFTs aim to make digital products more
like physical ones, by giving them scarcity, uniqueness, and proof of
ownership.
NFTs have
exploded in popularity in the past year. According to NonFungible, there were
nearly $67 million in sales related to NFTs in 2020. So far in 2021, sales are
an astounding $840 million, representing over 11 times growth from last year's
total -- and the year isn't over yet. Comparing the full month of April to the
same month last year, NFT sales were up 82-fold. To say NFTs have exploded is an
understatement.
The Ethereum
network plays a key role in NFTs, as most NFTs are priced in Ether -
- the digital token
of the Ethereum blockchain. In fact, the earliest and most popular NFTs, with
names like CryptoKitties and CryptoPunks, are run on the Ethereum blockchain.
Ethereum is my
favorite cryptocurrency
While Bitcoin was
the original cryptocurrency, I think the smart contracts built into the
Ethereum network make it a better cryptocurrency to invest in over the long
haul. After all, there's no denying the popularity of DeFi apps and NFTs --
which are largely hosted on the Ethereum blockchain.
However, when
dealing with cryptocurrencies, investors must be careful of a potential bubble,
especially in the NFT space. According to NonFungible, the average sale price
for crypto art had dropped 60% from its February high through the end of April.
If the NFT bubble does pop, Ethereum and other cryptocurrencies will take a
hit.
As an investor,
it's important to understand the volatility of cryptocurrencies and allocate
your capital accordingly. Despite how much I like Ethereum, I also know the
price could potentially correct 40% to 60% or more due to rampant speculation
in the space.
This doesn't mean it's a bad long-term
investment, though. The best approach as a long-term investor is to allocate a
small percent of your portfolio to the cryptocurrency and dollar-cost average
into that position over time. Dollar-cost averaging will help smooth out the
average price paid for your position, as you should be buying along peaks and
valleys along the way while keeping a long-term investment perspective in mind.
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